For those who don't know what it does: "Protects you against tracking through "free", centralized, content delivery. It prevents a lot of requests from reaching networks like Google Hosted Libraries, and serves local files to keep sites from breaking. Complements regular content blockers."[1]
For example, according to W3Techs statistics, Google Hosted Libraries is used by 16.9% of all websites, that is a JavaScript content delivery network market share of 70.4%.[2] Decentraleyes works by blocking requests to that CDN and loading the Javascript libraries locally.
That way not only some sites will load slightly faster (or faster for low-bandwidth clients) due to the resources being blocked and loaded locally (which also means slightly less traffic needed for exits), but also will protect from tracking by those CDNs.[3]
This addon doesn't clash with section 2.3. of the Tor Browser Design Doc with regards to ad-blockers as it isn't one.